Common misconceptions

"Doctors would never treat the child with his or her own cord blood because it would contain the disease."

Fact: Thousands of autologous stem cell transplants (using one's own cells) are performed every year for diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and many solid tumors. Research from the Journal of Clinical Oncology reports that even with early-onset disease (within twelve months of birth), the child's stem cells are still recommended for use in transplantation.

In the study, autologous stem cell treatments for infants with acute leukemia were just as successful as allogeneic sibling transplants. Autologous cord blood stem cells have many advantages as a transplant source, including no risk of graft vs. host disease (GVHD-a leading cause of death for transplant patients), immediate availability, and low risk of the cells being contaminated with disease. In April 2001, a ten-month-old baby in Canada received the first-ever autologous cord blood transplant to treat retinoblastoma (eye cancer) that had spread to his spinal cord. His parent's foresight to preserve his cord blood provided him with his best chance for survival.

"... stem cells in cord blood should be normal and free of malignancy, giving them a potential advantage over autologous cells collected during hematologic remission from a patient with malignancy."

- J. M. Wiley, M.D., and J. A. Kuller, M.D.
"Storage of Newborn Stem Cells for Future Use"
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 89, No. 2, February 1997

"Odds that a family will ever need their banked cord blood are so low that people shouldn't bother doing it."

Fact: Considering that the cause of most cancers is unknown and that the science of stem cell therapy is expanding rapidly, it is difficult to accurately calculate the odds that a family will use the cord blood or benefit from new treatments. However, according to medical research, the odds that a child will someday need to use his or her own newborn stem cells for current treatments are estimated at 1 in 400*. Odds that the newborn or a family member may benefit from banked cord blood are estimated at 1 in 200*. These odds do not include the emerging and potential use of newborn stem cells to treat heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and spinal cord injury. The continued progress in medical treatments would greatly increase the likelihood of use by your baby throughout her life. Based on current data, there is no "expiration date" for newborn stem cells.

*Pasquini MC, Logan BR, Verter F, et al. The Likelihood of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) in the United States: Implications for Umbilical Cord Blood Storage. Blood. 2005;106(11)

"What was a discard has become valuable-indeed priceless to many children with leukemia, and perhaps in the future to children with AIDS and autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis."

- Science, Vol. 268, May 12, 1995

"The baby or siblings will never need the stem cells if my family doesn't have a history of cancer."

Fact: People choose to bank their babies' cord blood in order to provide themselves and their families with an additional safeguard-just in case. The causes for most cancers and diseases are unknown, and in some cases, certain types of cancers are growing at alarming rates.

(1) Recent reports indicate that one in 630 children will get cancer by age fifteen.
(2) Additionally, treatments for cancer only reflect current uses and do not consider the increasing applications and promising therapies that are in development.
1. Lichtenstein, P., et al. Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;343(2):78-85.
2. Freedberg, L. Cancer Rates for Children Worry Experts. San Francisco Chronicle. September 17, 1997.

"If I bank my baby's stem cells, I will be taking it away from the public donor banks."

Fact: It has been suggested that the growth of private UCB storage is at odds with the altruistic donation of UCB to public banks. This is not the case since there are only 4 hospitals that will deal with altruistic donations at present and there are no current plans to extend the project since it would require a significant capital investment with few gains to be made. The four sites have been carefully chosen to cover areas with diverse ethnic communities and therefore hold samples representative of the greatest proportion of the population. The public bank has been gathering samples for around 11 years now and so far has collected approximately 9000 samples. They suggest that to attain a ‘good coverage’ of the population HLA types, they require approximately 20,000 samples. In order to achieve this level of cover, assuming the birth rate is stable and that no other factors change the rate of collection, it will be another 11 years or so before a ‘good coverage’ is achieved. In the meantime, parents in perceived risk groups such as mixed heritage parents can justifiably request that they store UCB privately. Parents with a child suffering from disorders treatable with UCB stem cells are offered the opportunity to store subsequent UCB from siblings in the hope that it will match and therefore treat the affected sibling. However, if the UCB is not a match, current practice is to destroy that sample despite the known familial risk, these parents often then choose to move that sample to private storage

"There is no reason for me to bank my baby's own stem cells when public banks can provide donated samples."

Fact: If autologous cells are not available, or cannot be used, stem cells from a relative (preferably a sibling where there is a 1 in 4 chance of a match) are usually the best treatment option. In fact, according to a study in The New England Journal of Medicine, the one-year survival rate for patients treated with a sibling's cord blood stem cells is approximately 63 percent. With cord blood from an unrelated donor, the survival rate drops to 29 percent. In addition, unrelated cord blood also puts the patient at a much greater risk for developing potentially fatal GVHD (20 percent vs. 5 percent). Related cord blood also reduces the risk that the transplant sample may harbor genetic problems that could cause disease in the recipient because the family will know the genetic history. More importantly, because cord blood cells are less mature than adult stem cells, they have a 50 percent likelihood of being a suitable HLA match between siblings, compared to only 25 percent for bone marrow. Public banks can help ensure an adequate sample for transplant but not the best or most preferable sample. When the issue is survival, this is significant. The families who bank cord blood stem cells want to help ensure the BEST chance of survival if the cells are needed, not just A chance.

"I can donate to a public bank and retrieve the cells later if needed."

Fact: Samples are donated anonymously to public banks. If cells were needed at a later date, the best match will be found by searching, but might not be the one donated.
For families to make an informed decision, it is important for them to understand that not all donated samples are banked. Multiple studies have shown that more than half of potential cord blood donors are not eligible for donation. As many as 71 percent of donations may be rejected by public banks based on family medical history, maternal medical history, collection volume, and examination of the maternal blood sample (Transfusion, January 2000, Vol. 40:1, 124).

"Cord blood collection takes important blood away from my baby."

Fact: Cord blood is normally discarded with the umbilical cord after it is clamped and cut. When you ask to have your baby's cord blood collected, the one and only change from the normal procedure is that after birth-after the cord is cut-the baby's cord blood is collected rather than thrown away.